Varhaiset maanviljelijät, sosiaalinen status ja ruokavalio Euran Luistarissa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61258/mt.148528Abstrakti
Euran Luistarin kalmiston vainajien viikinkiaikaisten ruumishautojen joukosta on tunnistettu sekä olemattoman, vaatimattoman että rikkaan hauta-annin sisältäneitä hautoja. Tarkastelin korrelaatiota hauta-annille 1980-luvulla annetun, yksilöiden statusta kuvaavan pisteytyksen, sekä aiemmin julkaistujen ẟ13C- ja ẟ15N-arvojen välillä. Ilmeni, että ẟ15N-arvot korreloivat käänteisesti ja voimakkaasti statusta kuvaavan arvon kanssa. Toisin sanoen, on todennäköistä, että statukseltaan merkittäviksi määritettyjen henkilöiden nauttima ravinto on sisältänyt vähemmän korkean trofiatason eläinproteiinirikkaita lajeja kuin tavallisen kansan. Havainto on ristiriidassa yleisen käsityksen kanssa, jonka mukaan yhteisöjen merkkihenkilöillä olisi parempi pääsy proteiinirikkaan ravinnon apajille, kun kasvispohjainen olisi pääasiassa tavallisen väestön arkiruokaa. Tutkitut vainajat ovat eläneet varhaisen viljelyn hiljattaisen voimistumisen aikoihin. Viljelyn muuttuminen pohjoisten väestöjen pääasialliseksi elinkeinoksi on tapahtunut hitaasti ja vaatinut toisenlaisia resursseja kuin ilmastollisesti suotuisammilla alueilla. Metsät ja kalavedet, sekä kotitarpeeksi riittävä karja piti pitkän nälän loitolla varmemmin. Ehkä viljely siis levisi alueellemme hyödyn sijasta ehkä kokeilunhalun siivittämänä – kenties niiden henkilöiden ansiosta, joiden vauraus salli seikkailumielen. Voisiko olla, että ilmastollisesti haastavilla alueilla viljelytoiminnan alkuaikoina eläneiden populaatioiden mahtihenkilöt tuottivat syödäkseen uudenaikaisia viljelystuotteita? Samaan aikaan tavallinen kansa ehkä tyytyi perinteisin menetelmin saatavilla oleviin eläinproteiinipitoisiin ruoka-aineisiin – joista etenkin kalaan? Tällaiseen päätelmään stabiili-isotooppisuhteet ainakin alustavasti viittaavat.
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