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Porojen domestikaation tutkiminen pohjoisen Fennoskandian alueella geometrisen morfometrian avulla
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61258/mt.146741Abstrakti
Poronhoito on ollut satojen vuosien ajan keskeinen osa pohjoisen Fennoskandian alkuperäiskansan, saamelaisten, elämäntapaa, sosiaalitaloutta ja kosmologiaa. Merkittävyydestään huolimatta porojen domestikaation ja varhaisen hoidon ajoitus sekä yksityiskohdat ovat edelleen epäselviä. Kesytettyjen yksilöiden tunnistamista arkeologisesta aineistosta vaikeuttavat Fennoskandian alueella esiintyneet ja risteytyneet kaksi eri alalajia sekä saamelaisten yhteisöjen joustava sosiaali
taloudellinen järjestelmä, jossa yhdistyivät pääasiassa villipeurojen metsästys ja pienimuotoinen poronhoito. Viime vuosikymmeninä metodologiset edistysaskeleet geometrisessä morfometriassa (GMM) ovat mahdollistaneet uusia näkökulmia do- mestikaation tutkimukseen arkeologisen aineiston pohjalta. Tämä katsaus kokoaa yhteen uutta GMM-tutkimusta porojen domestikaatiosta ja arvioi sen soveltuvuutta pohjoisen Fennoskandian arkeologisiin konteksteihin. Porojen luiden ja hampaiden analyysien kannalta nämä tutkimukset tarjoavat valaisevaa tietoa domestikaa- tioprosessista johtuneista muutoksista liikkuvuudessa ja ravinnonkäytössä sekä jalostuksen alkuperästä ja varhaisista laumanhoitostrategioista. Nämä havainnot edesauttavat saamelaisyhteisöjen sosiaalitaloudellisten muutosten rekonstruointia aikojen saatossa
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